All Belligerents in Libya, 2011

Mourners in Majer, Libya in 2011 following a NATO airstrike which killed at least 34 civilians, according to multiple reports. Image courtesy of Sidney Kwiram/ Human Rights Watch

Belligerent
Country
Libya
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident date

February 24, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-020

LOCATION

القريات, Qaryat, Al Jabal al Gharbi, Libya

On February 24th, 2011, four civilians were reported killed and one injured in the Jabal al Gharbi district of Al Qaryat, after being shot by Gaddafi forces. Multiple tweets reported the casualties. @tousniahorra states “Four people were killed in Qurayyat, which lies about 400 km south of the Libyan capital, Tripoli. Shot by the security

Summary

First published
February 24, 2011
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Ground operation
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4
Civilians reported injured
1
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
View Incident

Incident date

November 15, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-206

LOCATION

تاجوراء, Tajoura, Tarabulus, Libya

At least one man died from injuries sustained during his detention in a rebel-controlled facility in mid-November 2011 in Tajoura according to the UN Report Source Page 82. A reported member of Gaddafi’s security agency was arrested at his father’s house on October 17, 2011 by rebels who did not have an arrest warrant and

Summary

First published
November 15, 2011
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Single source claim
Strike type
Ground operation
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Cause of injury / death
Small arms and light weapons
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected target
Libyan rebel forces
View Incident

Incident date

June 17, 2017

Incident Code

LQ047

LOCATION

بنغازي‎, Benghazi, Libya

Two Facebook sources claimed that 13 “foreign airstrikes” had struck Benghazi, but seem to have copied one another on the information. There were no known public reports of civilian harm at the time.

Summary

First published
June 17, 2017
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Unknown
View Incident

Incident date

May 29, 2016

Incident Code

LQ030

LOCATION

بنغازي‎, Benghazi, Libya

LNA fighter jets targeted a vessel west of Qamins 25 km west of Benghazi according to the official LNA Facebook page. Social media sources added that the LNA also launched raids on Qawarsheh, Bosnib and Sabri. The status of any civilian crew onboard the vessel is unknown. 

Summary

First published
May 29, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Airwars civilian harm grading
Confirmed
A specific belligerent has accepted responsibility for civilian harm.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

September 25, 2015

Incident Code

LQ010

LOCATION

درنة الفتايح, Al Fatayah, Darnah, Libya

The LNA reportedly targeted the Shura Council and ISIS with 25 airstrikes at dawn in the eastern part of the city. According to Libya 24 News, “a plane belonging to the Libyan air force struck at dawn today sites belonging to the Libyan branch of the Islamic State organization ‘Daesh’ east of the city of

Summary

First published
September 25, 2015
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

October 18, 2014

Incident Code

LQ002

LOCATION

بنغازي‎, Bosnib, Benghazi, Libya

Several local sources reported that the LNA targeted the Shura Council in Benghazi – though one source blamed Egypt. The strike reportedly hit the area in the west of Benghazi called Bosnib. Nöor çoröğlü posted pictures of destroyed civilian homes due to the strikes but did not mention civilian harm. According to @zicotarhuni, the Egyptian

Summary

First published
October 18, 2014
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerents
Egyptian Military, Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

September 13, 2019

Incident Code

LC198

LOCATION

طرابلس‎: خزانات النفط, Tripoli: Oil tanks, Tarabulus, Libya

One child was reportedly injured because of LNA shelling on Tripoli. The GNA Burkan Al Ghadab operation claimed: “The child Osama Mohammed Hamza was injured by shrapnel in the neck as a result of the indiscriminate shelling of the militias of the war criminal Hafter behind oil tanks and was transferred to the field hospital

Summary

First published
September 13, 2019
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Single source claim
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

July 29, 2019

Incident Code

LC174a

LOCATION

طرابلس‎: مدرسة ابي الاشهر, Tajoura: Abu Al Ashur School, Tarabulus, Libya

One civilian was reportedly injured by indiscrimante artillery shelling on Tajoura. An Amnesty International field investigation said: “A 22-year-old man, Abdelrahman Adel Abi al-Ashhar, was injured when a rocket struck a school located near the eastern perimeters of Mitiga airport, on the evening of 29 July 2019. He told Amnesty International: “I was standing in

Summary

First published
July 29, 2019
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Artillery
Infrastructure
Education
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

December 19, 2019

Incident Code

LC256

LOCATION

مصراتة, Misurata, Misrata, Libya

During a night of heavy LNA and UAE attacks on the city of Misurata – with at least 17 airstrikes reported, mostly targeting military sites – up to six civilians were locally reported injured. According to Libya al Ahrar, “A medical source confirms to Libya Al-Ahrar the arrival of 6 wounded civilians to the emergency

Summary

First published
December 19, 2019
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Declared strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
4–6
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerents
Libyan National Army, United Arab Emirates Military
View Incident

Incident date

January 28, 2020

Incident Code

LC284

LOCATION

مدرسة رجب النائب, Rajab Al Naab School, Tarabulus, Libya

Four children were allegedly killed by LNA artillery shelling on the Hadaba Al Badri neighbourhood of Tripoli. Initially sources reported two dead and two injured, referring to a GNA Ministry of Health spokesperson. The Libya Observer reported: “Three children have been killed and others injured in Al-Hadba Al-Badri neighborhood as Khalifa Haftar’s forces have fired

Summary

First published
January 28, 2020
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4
(4 children)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Named victims
4 named
View Incident

Incident date

March 20, 2020

Incident Code

LC316

LOCATION

المدينة القديمة, Old Town, Tarabulus, Libya

Two civilians, including one child, were reportedly injured by LNA shelling on the Old Town of Tripoli. The Libya Observer said: “A woman and a little girl were wounded and seven houses were damaged in three rocket attacks by warlord Haftar’s militia groups on the Old Town of Tripoli, an ancient walled city dating back

Summary

First published
March 20, 2020
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

April 16, 2020

Incident Code

LC347

LOCATION

عين زارة, Ain Zara, Tarabulus, Libya

A neurosurgeon was allegedly killed by LNA shelling on Ain Zara. Tk Yahroug Kl shy said: “Dr. Abdelmonem Bughafa, a neurosurgeon, was killed in the university hospital, after a random shell landed on his house in Ain Zara, in the capital, Tripoli.” The Field Medicine and Support Center wrote: “The Center for Field Medicine and

Summary

First published
April 16, 2020
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

May 3, 2020

Incident Code

LC377

LOCATION

بني وليد, Bani Walid, Misrata, Libya

Two civilians were allegedly killed by a GNA or Turkish drone strike near Bani Walid. Osama Olabidy tweeted that two young men from the Mashashiya tribe were killed while trying to selling to sell fuel in Bani Walid. In a previous tweet he said they were driving a Toyota Tundra. 218Tv wrote that “there were

Summary

First published
May 3, 2020
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2
(2 men)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Turkish Military
Named victims
2 named
View Incident

Incident date

May 20, 2020

Incident Code

LC406

LOCATION

الاصابعة, Asabi'ah, Tarabulus, Libya

Between six and eight civilians, including one child, were allegedly killed by a Turkish drone strike on Asabi’ah. Libya Witness tweeted: “6 civilians, including a child, were killed in a Turkish raid in the city of Asabi’ah, western Libya.” A pro-LNA Twitter account said seven civilians and a child were killed.

Summary

First published
May 20, 2020
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
6 – 8
(1 child)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
Suspected target
Unknown
View Incident

Incident date

July 31, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-132

LOCATION

مرسى البريقة, Brega, Al Wahat, Libya

One child was allegedly injured by a NATO or rebel airstrike on Brega. Surt Son posted a video on Youtube showing the victim named Mohamed Musa. According to the video he was injured by artillery shelling on his home which would point at the rebels as the culprit. The description however says he was bombed

Summary

First published
July 31, 2011
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Single source claim
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected target
Unknown
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

October 2, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-194

LOCATION

سرت, Sirte, Surt, Libya

A single source reported that one child was critically injured by an attack by NATO and was being treated at a hospital in Sirte in October 2nd, 2011. NATO on that day reported hitting “1 multiple rocket launcher, 1 armed vehicle” in the vicinity of Sirte. There is no further information currently available.

Summary

First published
October 2, 2011
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Declared strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Known belligerent
NATO forces
Suspected belligerent
Libyan rebel forces
Known target
Gaddafi forces
View Incident

Incident date

June 17, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-109

LOCATION

الهبارة, Al Habara , Misrata, Libya

On June 17th 2011, pro-Gaddafi forces shelled the city of Misurata, killing ten including eight named victims and wounding 40, according to Reuters. The status of some of those harmed was unclear. The news agency said: “In Misurata, opposition spokesman Ahmed Hassan said 10 civilians were killed and 40 others wounded when pro-Gaddafi forces bombed

Summary

First published
June 17, 2011
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
8 – 10
(1 woman)
Civilians reported injured
40
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Gaddafi Forces
Suspected target
Libyan rebel forces
Named victims
8 named
Belligerents reported killed
2–9
Belligerents reported injured
0–40
View Incident

Incident date

June 24, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-118

LOCATION

الدافنية, Al Dafiniya, Misrata, Libya

Rocket fire allegedly launched by Gaddafi’s forces struck the Al Dafiniya area and killed between one and four people and injured between nine and ten. A Facebook post from News sarkhat Libya alleges that those killed and injured were rebels while a tweet from @shababalnhda alleges that they were civilians.

Summary

First published
June 24, 2011
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
0 – 4
Civilians reported injured
0–10
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerent
Gaddafi Forces
Suspected target
Libyan rebel forces
Belligerents reported killed
0–4
Belligerents reported injured
0–10
View Incident

Incident date

May 28, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-099

LOCATION

بني وليد, Bani Walid, Misrata, Libya

On May 28th, 2011, a demonstrated near the market in Bani Walid lead to the death of 13 civilians, who were shot by Gaddafi aligned forces. A UN report from 2011 reported the casualty, stating “Together with 12 other young men, an injured man sought refuge in a room on the second floor of a

Summary

First published
May 28, 2011
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Single source claim
Strike type
Ground operation
Civilian harm reported
No
Civilians reported killed
13
View Incident

Incident date

May 7, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-089

LOCATION

زاوية البقول, Zawiyat Al Baqoul, Al Jabal al Gharbi, Libya

Three civilians were allegedly killed by Libyan rebel forces in Zawiyat Al Baqoul. The UN’s investigation into Libya 2011 later reported the following: “The Commission also received reports of killings of members of other groups perceived to be Qadhafi loyalists, which typically took place in the immediate aftermath of the thuwar gaining control of the

Summary

First published
May 7, 2011
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Single source claim
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3
(3 men)
Cause of injury / death
Small arms and light weapons
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan rebel forces
View Incident

Incident date

April 19, 2017

Incident Code

LQ041

LOCATION

بنغازي‎, Sabri, Benghazi, Libya

According to local sources UAE planes carried out between 13 and 20 fresh airstrikes near the fish market and Sabri areas of Benghazi. There were no public reports of civilian harm at the time.

Summary

First published
April 19, 2017
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
United Arab Emirates Military
View Incident

Incident date

October 6, 2016

Incident Code

LQ036

LOCATION

بنغازي‎, Ganfouda, Benghazi, Libya

The LNA self-reported what it said was “an air strike targeting a field hospital belonging to terrorist militias in the Qanfouda area.” Casualties among patients and health workers are not presently known.

Summary

First published
October 6, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Airwars civilian harm grading
Confirmed
A specific belligerent has accepted responsibility for civilian harm.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

February 24, 2016

Incident Code

LQ025a

LOCATION

بنغازي‎, Benghazi, Libya

The LNA launched “accurate” airstrikes against terrorist militias in Qawarsheh and Sabri according to their Facebook page.

Summary

First published
February 24, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Airwars civilian harm grading
Confirmed
A specific belligerent has accepted responsibility for civilian harm.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

April 29, 2019

Incident Code

LC132

LOCATION

السواني, Al Swani, Tarabulus, Libya

One child was allegedly injured, likely because of indiscriminate artillery shelling on Al Swani. 218 TV reported: “The field medicine and support center announced that its medical team had treated a child injured as a result of armed clashes in the suburbs of Tripoli on Monday. The center also announced in its Facebook page that

Summary

First published
April 29, 2019
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

August 14, 2019

Incident Code

LC181

LOCATION

العزيزية‎, Aziziya, Al Jafarah, Libya

Six civilians were allegedly injured in an LNA airstrike on Aziziya. According to the Washington Post, “at least four medical staff” were injured. The Libya Observer wrote: “Haftar’s forces also hit, using a UAE drone, a field hospital in Aziziya in southern Tripoli, leaving behind injuries among both medical staffers and civilians. According to the

Summary

First published
August 14, 2019
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
4–6
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

October 3, 2019

Incident Code

LC209

LOCATION

أبى ذر الغفاري, Abu Dhar Al Ghafari area, Tarabulus, Libya

Two civilians were reportedly killed by LNA shelling on the Abu Salim neighbourhood of Tripoli. Alwasat reported: “The Abu Salim Municipal Council announced the killing of two young men, one of whom is Moroccan, after a shell fell due to indiscriminate shelling in the municipality. The council said in a statement published on its Facebook

Summary

First published
October 3, 2019
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2
(2 men)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Named victims
2 named
View Incident

Incident date

November 4, 2019

Incident Code

LC236

LOCATION

أربع شوارع زويته, Al Zuwaita Junction, Tarabulus, Libya

Several civilians were allegedly injured by an LNA airstrike on Ain Zara. Afrigate News said, referring to the Field Medicine and Support Center: “[…] and another person was injured in 4 streets Zowita in Ain Zara area of ​​the capital Tripoli. Al-Mishri caused shrapnel wounds to his son and was transferred to a clinic for

Summary

First published
November 4, 2019
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
3
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

December 13, 2019

Incident Code

LC253a

LOCATION

طريق المطار, Tripoli: Airport road, Tarabulus, Libya

One child was injured by shrapnel in the neck after a shell by an unknown belligerent was fired on the Airport Road area in Tripoli on December 13th, 2019, as reported by Libyan Crime Monitoring Organization. Local reports of fighting point at the GNA or LNA as the culprit. Currently, further details are unavailable to

Summary

First published
December 13, 2019
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Single source claim
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

February 12, 2020

Incident Code

LC295

LOCATION

مقهى مزايا, Mazaya Cafe, Tarabulus, Libya

One civilian was allegedly killed and up to nine more injured by LNA shelling on the Al Shok neighbourhood of Tripoli. The GNA-led Burkan Al Ghadab operation said: “The indiscriminate shell fired by the war criminal militia Hafter this evening at Mazaya Café caused the death of Ayman Ali Al-Ajeili Al-Jafairi, 38 years old, and

Summary

First published
February 12, 2020
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 man)
Civilians reported injured
9
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

March 27, 2020

Incident Code

LC327

LOCATION

Vicinity of Military College, Tarabulus, Libya

A family was allegedly injured by LNA shelling in the Hadaba project area of Tripoli. The Field Medicine and Support Center wrote: “A shell landed on a house in Al-Hadaba area (Potatoes), and the cases were transferred to Abu Salim Hospital.” Libya Alahar TV said: “A family was injured in Al-Hadba area due to the

Summary

First published
March 27, 2020
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
0–5
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
View Incident