Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident date

May 9, 2018

Incident Code

RS3431

LOCATION

معرزيتا, Ma'arzita, Idlib, Syria

Up to ten civilians, among them five children and a woman, were killed in airstrikes on the town of Ma’arzita in rural Idlib, according to local sources. Sources reported that the airstrikes were likely carried out by Russian warplanes. One of the alleged Russian airstrikes targeted a shelter, reportedly killing at least five civilians from

Summary

First published
May 9, 2018
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
6 – 10
(3–5 children1 woman1 man)
Civilians reported injured
2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
Suspected target
Unknown
Named victims
4 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

March 8, 2018

Incident Code

RS3188

LOCATION

حزة, Hazza, Damascus, Syria

Between eight and ten civilians including two or three women were killed in air and artillery strikes on Hazza, local media reported. Sources blamed the Syrian regime and Russian alliance for the strikes. Out of the ten named victims, three adult males were reported as unidentified. Dozens of civilians reportedly were wounded in the raids.

Summary

First published
March 7, 2018
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
8 – 10
(2–3 women7 men)
Civilians reported injured
12–24
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
7 named
View Incident

Incident date

February 27, 2017

Incident Code

RS1932

LOCATION

ابو الهناية/خفسة, Abu Hanaya/Khafsa, Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

Between eight and ten civilians were reported killed – and others were reported wounded – following alleged Russian shelling on Abu Hanaya/Khafsa, Aleppo. All sources attributed blame to Russian warplanes. Aranews claimed that a large number of civilians was wounded, no other sources gave specific details on the wounded.  There are no other details at this

Summary

First published
February 27, 2017
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
8 – 10
(2 children2 women)
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

September 1, 2016

Incident Code

RS1208

LOCATION

Mouhimidah, Deir Ezzor, Syria

Between seven and 10 civilians including five children died in airstrikes on Muhimidah in Deir Ezzor, according to local media – though sources were conflicted as to whether Russia or the Syrian regime were to blame. The majority of sources, including Alamawi, Mohamaed202054, Alsharqia24 and Euphrates Post, blamed Russia, with death counts varying between seven

Summary

First published
September 1, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
7 – 10
(5 children)
Civilians reported injured
10–20
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
5 named, 2 families identified
View Incident

Incident date

June 21, 2017

Incident Code

RS2299

LOCATION

الشيخ ياسين, Sheikh Yassin, Deir Ezzor, Syria

As many as 10 civilians were killed, and 10 more were wounded, following in alleged Russian airstrikes on Sheikh Yassin. Sources all blamed Russian aircraft for the raids. According to sources, the vicinity was struck shortly before 2.30am, at “break-fast” during Ramadan. A residential neighbourhood was partially destroyed in the attack with RPG shelling, and

Summary

First published
June 21, 2017
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
5 – 10
(3–4 children2 men)
Civilians reported injured
10
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

February 1, 2016

Incident Code

RS519

LOCATION

معدان, Ma'adan, Raqqa, Syria

Ten civilians including one child and two women were killed in alleged Russian airstrikes on Ma’adan, according to local sources. Raqqa is Being Slaughtered Silently reported that Russian airstrikes targeted the following areas of the town: “near Ma’adan garage; near Tah Kreiban school; near Al Farouq school [previously al Bourtoukala]“. According to the Syrian Observatory

Summary

First published
February 1, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
10
(1 child2 women7 men)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
Named victims
10 named
View Incident

Incident date

November 18, 2016

Incident Code

RS1620

LOCATION

بلدة حريتان, Hraytan town, Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

Up to 10 civilians were killed and “dozens” injured in an airstrike on Hraytan, Aleppo, according to a report by the Step News Agency. Step said: “More than ten killed and dozens injured – most of them women and children – and survivors were pulled out from under the rubble following Russian raids on the

Summary

First published
November 18, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
10
Civilians reported injured
12–24
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

April 26, 2017

Incident Code

RS2173

LOCATION

جدار معراتا, Jidar Miraata, Idlib, Syria

At least ten civilians were killed in an airstrike in Jidar Miraata, according to local media sources – though it was unclear whether Russia or the Assad regime were responsible. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, who could not positively identify a belligerent, reported that the al-Jidar camp was targeted which killed ten people, including

Summary

First published
April 26, 2017
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1 – 10
(1 child1 woman)
Civilians reported injured
2–20
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

October 19, 2015

Incident Code

RS059

LOCATION

الباب, Al-Bab, Aleppo, Syria

An airstrike in the vicinity of al Karnish Street in Al Bab – either Russian or Assad regime – killed up to ten people and caused a significant number of injuries, according to reports. Al Bab Free Syria reported that “Ten martys died as a result of [regime airstrikes], among whom were members of the

Summary

First published
October 19, 2015
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
5 – 10
(1 child1 woman3 men)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Unknown, Syrian Regime
Named victims
5 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

July 23, 2016

Incident Code

RS1034

LOCATION

التبني, Al Tabbani, Deir Ezzor, Syria

Alleged Russian or Assad regime warplanes carried out airstrikes which struck and destroyed two family homes in Al Tabbani, killing ten civilians including five children, according to sources on the ground.  The local news source, Deirezzor 24, said that the raids occurred at 10am. Syrian PC and Baladi News both blamed Russian warplanes for the

Summary

First published
July 23, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
10
(5 children)
Civilians reported injured
12
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Unknown, Syrian Regime
Named victims
10 named, 2 families identified
View Incident

Incident date

September 1, 2016

Incident Code

RS1209

LOCATION

Hussaynah, Deir Ezzor, Syria

Between two and ten civilians including a woman and her child died in an alleged Russian airstrikes on Al Hussaynah, according to local media. Alamawi, Euphrates Post, Mkmoam123, Alnaba and Alsharqia24 all blamed Russia. Euphrates Post put the death toll as high as 10.

Summary

First published
September 1, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2 – 10
(1 child1 woman)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
Named victims
2 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

February 13, 2017

Incident Code

RS1891

LOCATION

طريق السد, Al Sadd street, Daraa, Syria

Between three and 10 civilians, including two to three women and three to five children, were killed and at least 12 others were injured in alleged Russian or Assad regime airstrikes against the neighborhood of Al Sadd street in Dara’a, according to sources on the ground. Most of the victims of the airstrikes were from

Summary

First published
February 13, 2017
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3 – 10
(3–5 children2–3 women2 men)
Civilians reported injured
12
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
10 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

February 3, 2018

Incident Code

RS2970

LOCATION

خان السبل, Khan al-Subul, Idlib, Syria

In this incident, described as a “massacre”, alleged Russian cluster bombs killed between seven and ten civilians, including up to five children and one woman, and up to dozens of others, as the village of Khan al-Subul, Idlib, was struck by airstrikes on February 3, 2018, local media reported. Step News Agency reported how “the

Summary

First published
February 3, 2018
Last updated
April 17, 2025
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
7 – 10
(3–5 children1 woman)
Civilians reported injured
2–24
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

January 20, 2016

Incident Code

RS424

LOCATION

شقرة, Shaqra, Deir Ezzor, Syria

An alleged Russian strike targeted a home where “condolences were being held“, according to SMO, killing eight civilians. Al A’an TV said six died as a result of Russian strikes, while ANA Press also attributed the incident to Russia. Four civilians were killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Shaqra, according to the Violations Documentation Centre.

Summary

First published
January 20, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
5 – 10
(4 men)
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
Named victims
12 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

February 15, 2016

Incident Code

RS616

LOCATION

كلجبرين‎, Kaljabreen, Aleppo, Syria

Between six and ten civilians including three to four children and one woman were killed in alleged Russian airstrikes on Kaljabreen, according to local sources. Shaam News Network reported that Russian warplanes targeted a school for sheltering displaced people in Kaljabreen, “causing a horrific massacre“. According to an initial report by the Syrian Network for

Summary

First published
February 15, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Infrastructure
Education
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
6 – 10
(3–4 children1 woman)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

July 15, 2017

Incident Code

CS1206 RS2341

LOCATION

ميادين, Al Mayadin, al Arabaeen street and other areas, Deir Ezzor, Syria

At least ten civilians – including at least one woman and two children – were killed and dozens more were wounded following airstrikes near two schools in the city of Al Mayadeen. However, local sources were conflicted as to who was responsible. Both Russia and the US-led Coalition were reportedly responsible. Syrian Network for Human

Summary

First published
July 15, 2017
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
10
(2–4 children1 woman1 man)
Civilians reported injured
12–24
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
US-led Coalition, Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
10 named, 2 families identified
View Incident

Incident date

August 11, 2016

Incident Code

RS1123

LOCATION

ﺣﻠﺐ, Bazza square, Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

Reports estimated that between eight and 10 civilians were killed and an additional five to 13 more wounded, including two children, in airstrikes on Bazza square in Old Aleppo, according to local media. The majority of sources blamed the regime for the event, though one blamed Russia and a significant number of others didn’t identify

Summary

First published
August 11, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
8 – 10
Civilians reported injured
5–13
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
3 named
View Incident

Incident date

November 3, 2016

Incident Code

RS1522

LOCATION

ميزناز, Miznaz, Aleppo, Syria

Between eight and 10 civilians, including seven children and one woman, were killed and at least 12 were wounded from thermobaric missile airstrikes targeting the village of Minaz. However, local sources were conflicted as to who was responsible for the airstrikes. Syrian Network for Human Rights attributed Syrian regime planes to blame, while most other

Summary

First published
November 3, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
8 – 10
(3–7 children1 woman)
Civilians reported injured
2–24
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

January 26, 2017

Incident Code

TS063 RS1864

LOCATION

مدينة الباب, Al Bab, Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

Between four and 10 civilians died, including two children and two women, and up to a another dozen were wounded in air and/or artillery strikes on Al Bab, local media reported. It was unclear who the culprit was – with allegations against Turkey and Russia. Moreover, one report added that regime helicopters were also active

Summary

First published
January 26, 2017
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4 – 10
(2 children2 women)
Civilians reported injured
6–12
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Turkish Military, Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

January 12, 2016

Incident Code

RS382

LOCATION

قاضي عسكر, Qadi A'skar, Aleppo, Syria

Seven to ten civilians were killed and dozens injured in an alleged Russian airstrike on a mosque in Qadi A’skar, according to a number of sources. Activists told Shaam News that Russian warplanes targeted the mosque of Agha Jakk during afternoon prayers, resulting in the deaths of 10 people with dozens more wounded. The Syrian Observatory

Summary

First published
January 12, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
7 – 10
Civilians reported injured
12
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

July 14, 2016

Incident Code

RS1003

LOCATION

حي طريق الباب, Tareeq al-Bab (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Shuhada’a Al-Aqsa Mosque was struck in east Aleppo and destroyed following an airstrike carried about by both Russian and Syrian regime warplanes, local media reported. The raid occurred in the morning of July 14th, according to the White Helmets. Between seven and ten civilians including an entire family were reportedly killed. Smart News and Shahba News

Summary

First published
July 14, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
7 – 10
(3–5 children2–3 women)
Civilians reported injured
11–24
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Unknown, Syrian Regime
Named victims
9 named, 3 families identified
View Incident

Incident date

July 24, 2019

Incident Code

RS3946

LOCATION

قرية طبيش, Tabish village, Idlib, Syria

In the evening of July 24th, 2019, alleged Russian or Syrian airstrikes caused what was described as “a horrific massacre” of an entire family in the village of Tabish near the city of Khan Sheikhoun in the southern countryside of Idlib. Local sources reported that the airstrikes struck residential houses in the village of Tabish

Summary

First published
July 24, 2019
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
10
(3–4 children2–3 women4 men)
Civilians reported injured
10
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Syrian Regime, Russian Military
Suspected target
Unknown
Named victims
10 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

October 24, 2016

Incident Code

RS1501

LOCATION

دوما, Douma, Damascus, Syria

Between four and 10 civilians including one child and one woman died and as any as 30 more were wounded in air and/or artillery strikes on Douma, according to local media – though it was unclear whether Russia or the Syrian regime were to blame for the deaths, with sources reporting that both parties carried

Summary

First published
October 24, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Infrastructure
Education
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4 – 10
(1 child1 woman)
Civilians reported injured
12–30
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
4 named
View Incident

Incident date

February 5, 2016

Incident Code

RS553

LOCATION

الصاخور, Al Sakhour (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Between six and ten civilians including four children and two women were killed – and up to 18 others injured –  in alleged Russian airstrikes on Sakhour according to local sources. Shaam News Network said eight civilians were killed “as a result of Russian aggression targeting the mosque in the neighborhood after Alsakhur as worshipers

Summary

First published
February 5, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
6 – 10
(2–4 children2 women3–4 men)
Civilians reported injured
2–18
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
Named victims
6 named
View Incident

Incident date

September 10, 2016

Incident Code

RS1253

LOCATION

حي بستان القصر, Bustan al Qasr (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Up to ten civilians died and as many as 20 more were wounded in air and artillery strikes on Bustan al Qasr, according to local media – though sources were conflicted as to whether Russia or the Syrian regime were responsible. According to Shahed-ayan, “warplanes and artillery shelling in Bustan Al-Qaser killed 10 people and

Summary

First published
September 10, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1 – 10
Civilians reported injured
10–20
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

November 20, 2016

Incident Code

RS1644

LOCATION

جبل بدرو, Jabal Badro, Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

Three civilians from the same family, including a woman, were killed by airstrikes targeting the neighbourhood of Jabal Badro, Aleppo, local media reported. Most sources pointed to Russia as the culprit, while SPM Syria and several other sources said that helicopters had dropped explosive barrels, meaning the regime could have been responsible. Several sources identified one of

Summary

First published
November 20, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3 – 10
(1 woman1 man)
Civilians reported injured
9
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
Named victims
3 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

December 26, 2017

Incident Code

RS2817

LOCATION

مزرعة العزيزية, Mazrat Al-Aziziya, Idlib, Syria

Two adult males died in airstrikes by alleged Russian and Syrian regime warplanes in Mazrat Al-Aziziya, local media reported. Sources blamed both said belligerents for the raids. Aljazeera reported that “10 people were killed and dozens injured others this morning in a Russian air bombardment on the towns of Al Taman’a,  Al Dajaj and Al Hamdaniya

Summary

First published
December 26, 2017
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2 – 10
(2 men)
Civilians reported injured
5–24
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
2 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

July 27, 2016

Incident Code

RS1057

LOCATION

الصاخور, Al Sakhour (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Up to ten civilians died and as many as 20 others were wounded in an airstrike on a fruit and vegetable market in Al Sakhour, local media reported – though it was unclear whether Russia or the Syrian regime were to blame. Ara, Madar Daily, Smart, Syrian Press Center, Qasioun, Syrian Human Rights Committee, JIsrtv, Ahbah7,

Summary

First published
July 27, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
6 – 10
(1 child3 men)
Civilians reported injured
15–20
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
6 named
View Incident

Incident date

August 13, 2016

Incident Code

RS1135

LOCATION

شاميكو, Shamico, Aleppo, Syria

Between five and ten civilians died and more were wounded in airstrikes on Shamico, local media reported – though it was unclear whether Russia or the regime were responsible. According to Syria News Desk, “nine civilians were killed and others wounded at dawn today [Aug 13th], a result of Russian warplanes carrying out six raids

Summary

First published
August 13, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
5 – 10
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

August 30, 2016

Incident Code

RS1200

LOCATION

معرة مصرين, Maarat Masreen, Idlib, Syria

Between four and 10 civilians died and up to 35 more were wounded in airstrikes on a popular vegetable market in Maaret Masreen, local media reported – though sources were conflicted as to whether this was the work of Russia or the Assad regime. However, most sources agreed that cluster bombs had been used in

Summary

First published
August 30, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4 – 10
Civilians reported injured
20–35
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Geolocation
Exact location (via Airwars)
View Incident