Civilian Casualties

Civilian Casualties

Belligerent
Country
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident date

February 24, 2020

Incident Code

USSOM282-C

LOCATION

the Masalanja farm near the village of Kumbareere, Middle Juba, Somalia

The US declared on the same date an airstrike in the vicinity of Jilib – which it said had killed “one terrorist.” However local sources, some pro al Shabaab, said the victim was in fact Mohamud Haji Sirad, a director of the Hormud telecoms company for Middle Juba. According to the Somali Guardian Mr Sirad

Summary

First published
February 24, 2020
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Declared strike
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
0 – 1
(0–1 men)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Known belligerent
US Forces
Known target
Al-Shabaab
Named victims
1 named
Belligerents reported killed
0–1
View Incident

Incident date

February 27, 2020

Incident Code

RS4491

LOCATION

جنوب مدينة ادلب, Idlib city (south), Idlib, Syria

The death of at least one child and the wounding of civilians was reported on February 27th, 2020 the result of an alleged Russian or regime airstrike on the outskirts of Idlib. The brothers were displaced from the city of Kafranbel and relocated to a rural area of Idlib. A post from Bsklaa16 noted that

Summary

First published
February 27, 2020
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1 – 2
(1–2 children)
Civilians reported injured
4–7
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
2 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

December 28, 2016

Incident Code

RS1802

LOCATION

الحسينية, Husseineya, Damascus, Syria

Dozens of civilians were wounded – some critically – in an alleged airstrike on Husseineya. Sources are conflicted as to who was responsible for the raid, with some blaming the Syrian regime for the raid, and others attributing blame to Russia.  One report stated that helicopters with carrying explosive barrel bombs were launched in the villages

Summary

First published
December 28, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
0
Civilians reported injured
12–24
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

February 28, 2020

Incident Code

USSOM284

LOCATION

حرمك, Vicinity of Kunya Barrow, Lower Shabelle, Somalia

Two airstrikes were declared the same day by US Africa Command, in partnership with the Somali government, which reportedly targeted al Shabaab in the vicinity of Kunya Barrow. According to the AFRICOM press release, “In coordination with the Federal Government of Somalia, U.S. Africa Command conducted two (2) airstrikes targeting al-Shabaab terrorists in the vicinity

Summary

First published
February 28, 2020
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Declared strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
No
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Known belligerent
US Forces
Known target
Al-Shabaab
Belligerents reported killed
2
View Incident

Incident date

March 8, 2020

Incident Code

LC309

LOCATION

عرادة, Arada, Tarabulus, Libya

Two civilians were allegedly killed and five more injured because of LNA shelling on the Arada neighbourhood of Tripoli. Al Wasat said: “The media advisor to the Ministry of Health in the GNA, Amin al-Hashemi, announced the death of two civilians and the injury of five others in a bombing of the LNA forces on

Summary

First published
March 8, 2020
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2
(2 men)
Civilians reported injured
5
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Named victims
7 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

May 5, 2019

Incident Code

LC135

LOCATION

جسر الزهراء, Al Zahra Bridge, Tarabulus, Libya

One man was allegedly injured by an airstrike on Al-Swani. FMSC reported: “An elderly man was injured by shrapnel as a result of aerial bombardment near al-Zahra bridge in the Al-Swani area.” Local reports of fighting point at the GNA or LNA as the perpetrator.  

Summary

First published
May 5, 2019
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

February 3, 2018

Incident Code

YS017

LOCATION

Azzaz, Aleppo, Syria

At least 8 and as many as two dozen civilians were reported wounded in an alleged YPG attack on Azzaz, according to local media. RFS published a video showing the aftermath of a bombing on the market, while other sources said that shops were hit. According to Smart News Agency, “nine civilians were wounded by

Summary

First published
February 3, 2018
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
0
Civilians reported injured
8–24
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
YPG
View Incident

Incident date

March 15, 2020

Incident Code

USSOM297

LOCATION

Vicinity of Janaale, Lower Shabelle, Somalia

Several days after the events, US Africa Command press released that it had conducted five airstrikes in the vicinity of Janaale during March 16th-17th. Somali state media and government reported the same strikes but said they took place on March 15th-16th. AFRICOM said the actions were in support of ground operations by Somalia forces, while noting

Summary

First published
March 15, 2020
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Declared strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
No
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Known belligerent
US Forces
Known target
Al-Shabaab
Belligerents reported killed
3
View Incident

Incident date

March 23, 2020

Incident Code

TS421

LOCATION

حلب, Aleppo, Syria

An elderly man was reportedly severely injured in artillery shelling carried out by alleged Turkish-backed factions in the village of Um Al Hawaash on March 23rd, 2020, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. The SOHR reported that “on March 23, SOHR activists said that an elderly man was seriously injured today by artillery

Summary

First published
March 23, 2020
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Single source claim
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
View Incident

Incident date

August 24, 2011

Incident Code

USYEM028-B

LOCATION

العرقوب), Al Arqoub, Abyan, Yemen

On Aug. 24, 2011, numerous outlets such as the Associated Press, AFP, and CNN reported that between four and six suspected Al Qaeda militants were killed and others were wounded in alleged Yemeni or US strikes in the area of Arkoub in Yemen’s Abyan province, which was overrun by Al Qaeda in May 2011. There

Summary

First published
August 24, 2011
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
No
Civilians reported killed
0
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Suspected belligerents
US Forces, Yemeni Air Force
Suspected target
Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP)
Belligerents reported killed
4–6
Belligerents reported injured
2
View Incident

Incident date

February 27, 2017

Incident Code

CS540

LOCATION

المنصورة, Al Mansoura, Raqqa, Syria

A reported Coalition strike on an ISIL HQ which killed and injured up to a dozen militants also led to the injuring of three civilians, according to a single source. According to Smart News Coalition planes launched an attack at al Mansoura “on an ISIL headquarters, killing five elements and wounding six others, including a

Summary

First published
February 27, 2017
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
0
Civilians reported injured
3
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
US-led Coalition
View Incident

Incident date

April 13, 2020

Incident Code

LC344

LOCATION

سوق الجمعة , Souq Al Jumaa, Tarabulus, Libya

One civilian was allegedly injured by indiscriminate shelling on the Souq Al Jumaa area of Tripoli. Libya Alahrar TV said: “Aid and Emergency spokesperson, Osama Ali: A worker of African nationality was injured as a result of the shelling on the Friday Market.” Reports of fighting point at the GNA or LNA as the culprit.

Summary

First published
April 13, 2020
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Single source claim
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
View Incident

Incident date

April 26, 2012

Incident Code

USYEM068-B

LOCATION

مودية, Mudiya, Abyan, Yemen

Three suspected militants were killed in an alleged American drone strike in the town of Mudiyah during the afternoon of the 26th of April, 2012. Both Reuters and Mareb Press reported that the three militants were killed as the vehicle in which they were travelling was struck by a missile. Reuters further reported that local

Summary

First published
April 26, 2012
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
No
Civilians reported killed
0
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Suspected belligerent
US Forces
Suspected target
Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP)
Belligerents reported killed
3
View Incident

Incident date

February 17, 2017

Incident Code

RS1901

LOCATION

درعا البلد, Dara'a Al-Balad, Daraa, Syria

One civilian, Mohammed Nour – a reporter for Al Jazeera – was injured in an alleged Russian or regime airstrike on Dara’a Al- Balad, according to multiple sources. Smart News reported that “aircraft likely to be Russian renewed raids on the neighbourhood of Daraa Al-Balad”. Whilst most sources also pointed towards Russia as being responsible for

Summary

First published
February 17, 2017
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

April 27, 2020

Incident Code

LC371

LOCATION

الشريدات, Sharidat, Tarabulus, Libya

A woman and her son were killed and up to three other family members were injured by alleged LNA shelling on their home in Al Sharidat area, Castelverde on April 27th, 2020, according to local sources. February TV reported “the death of Mrs. Al Khadra Salem Al Falaghi and one of her children, and the

Summary

First published
April 27, 2020
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2
(1 woman1 man)
Civilians reported injured
2–3
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Libyan National Army
Suspected target
Unknown
Named victims
4 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

June 25, 2012

Incident Code

USYEM110-B

LOCATION

بئر حميد, Bir Hamid, Aden, Yemen

On June 25th, 2012, a declared US drone strike hit two vehicles in the outskirts of Aden in Bir Hamid at dawn. Three alleged AQAP members were killed, while several others were wounded. There are currently no known reports of civilian harm. The identities of those killed were not reported, but a source told the

Summary

First published
June 25, 2012
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Declared strike
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
No
Civilians reported killed
0
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Known belligerent
US Forces
Known target
Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP)
Belligerents reported killed
3
Belligerents reported injured
2
View Incident

Incident date

May 9, 2020

Incident Code

LC387

LOCATION

صلاح الدين, Salaheddin, Tarabulus, Libya

One woman was alegedly killed and three civilians were injured by artillery shelling on the Salaheddin neighbourhood of Tripoli. The Field Medicine and Support Center listed the victim and said: “The ambulance team at the Salaheddin field hospital of the Field Medicine and Support Center assisted the family of Muammar Abdel Salam Shaaban at dawn

Summary

First published
May 10, 2020
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Single source claim
Strike type
Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 woman)
Civilians reported injured
3
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerents
Government of National Accord, Libyan National Army
Suspected target
Unknown
Named victims
4 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

May 20, 2020

Incident Code

LC406

LOCATION

الاصابعة, Asabi'ah, Tarabulus, Libya

Between six and eight civilians, including one child, were allegedly killed by a Turkish drone strike on Asabi’ah. Libya Witness tweeted: “6 civilians, including a child, were killed in a Turkish raid in the city of Asabi’ah, western Libya.” A pro-LNA Twitter account said seven civilians and a child were killed.

Summary

First published
May 20, 2020
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
6 – 8
(1 child)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
Suspected target
Unknown
View Incident

Incident date

June 8, 2020

Incident Code

LC416

LOCATION

مسجد وادي جارف , Jarif Valley Mosque, Surt, Libya

A civilian was killed and two other civilians were wounded in airstrikes on a mosque in the Jarif area on June 8th, 2020, according to Libyan Crimes Watch. Libyan Crimes Watch wrote that “a civilian was killed and two others were wounded as a result of a bombing by the air that we could not

Summary

First published
June 8, 2020
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Single source claim
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
Civilians reported injured
2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Unknown
Suspected target
Unknown
View Incident

Incident date

April 2, 2017

Incident Code

RS2055

LOCATION

معرة النعمان, Maarat al Numan, Idlib, Syria

At least ten and as many as dozens of civilians were wounded in three alleged Russian airstrikes on the National Hospital in Maarat al Numan in rural Idlib, according to multiple local sources. Reports stated that the hospital, which served 500,000 people in Idlib and nearby areas of Hama, was rendered out of service and that

Summary

First published
April 2, 2017
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Infrastructure
Healthcare
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
10–24
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

April 26, 2020

Incident Code

USYEMTr224

LOCATION

جبل الحاول, Jabal Al Hawl, Shabwa, Yemen

A possible US drone or airstrike reportedly targeted alleged AQAP militants in Jabal Al Hawl, overlooking Wadi Amaqin, in the Rawda district of Shabwa, on the morning of April 26th 2020. There were no known associated reports of civilian harm. Local sources told Marib Today that the strike had targeted AQAP leaders, while 7adramout and

Summary

First published
April 26, 2020
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
No
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Suspected belligerent
US Forces
Suspected target
Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP)
View Incident

Incident date

September 24, 2019

Incident Code

USYEMTr213

LOCATION

الأحمر, جبل سقاه, Al Ahmar camps, Jabal Sakah, Shabwa, Yemen

Two local-language Twitter sources reported that US drone strikes targeted “terrorist groups” in “Al-Ahmar camps” in the Azan and Al Houta area, Shabwa governorate.  No other known sources alleged US strikes, and no information was available on casualties. There were no known reports of civilian harm. Since the first known report of this event, from

Summary

First published
September 24, 2019
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Single source claim
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
No
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Suspected belligerent
US Forces
View Incident

Incident date

August 3, 2020

Incident Code

TI045

LOCATION

Nohadra, Duhok, Iraq

A single source reported that civilians died in alleged Turkish airstrikes on civilian vehicles in Nohadra, Duhok governorate, on August 3rd, 2020. Syria C Press wrote that “more civilians were killed on Monday in Nohadra (Duhok) in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq as a result of the ongoing Turkish military operation in northern Iraq after

Summary

First published
August 3, 2020
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Single source claim
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
Suspected target
Unknown
View Incident

Incident date

July 9, 2019

Incident Code

RS3880

LOCATION

جسر الشغور, Jisr Al Shughour, Idlib, Syria

On July 20th, 2019, a woman died of injuries she sustained in alleged Syrian regime artillery shelling or a Russian airstrike on the city of Jisr Al Shughour, Idlib governorate, on July 9th, according to local sources. @Step_Agency reported: “A missile attack by the regime forces in Jurin targeted the city of Jisr Al Shughour

Summary

First published
July 9, 2019
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 woman)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Suspected target
Unknown
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

November 22, 2020

Incident Code

TS458

LOCATION

عين عيسى, Ain Issa, Raqqa, Syria

Up to three civilians including a three-year-old child were reported injured as a result of alleged Turkish forces shelling or drone attack on Ain Issa town on November, 22nd, 2020. The injured civilians were named as Mehmud Zêd Zêdan aged 3, Mihêdin Hacî aged 35 and Minhel Ehmed El Ebîd aged 22. According to Hawar,

Summary

First published
November 22, 2020
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
No
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
3
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
Suspected target
YPG/SDF
Named victims
3 named
Belligerents reported killed
2
View Incident

Incident date

April 24, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-076

LOCATION

مصراتة, Misurata, Misrata, Libya

Between one and 14 civilians were allegedly killed by Gaddafi forces shelling on Misurata. An Amnesty International investigation found the following: “Ahmed Ahmed al-Majdoub, a 64-year-old father of 10, was killed on 25 April at his daughter’s house in the Qasr Ahmad neighbourhood of Misratah, to the west of the port.” The investigation quotes al-Majdoub’s

Summary

First published
April 24, 2011
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
8 – 14
(1 child1 man)
Civilians reported injured
1–25
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected targets
Libyan rebel forces, Other
Named victims
1 named
Belligerents reported killed
3
View Incident

Incident date

September 23, 2011

Incident Code

Lib2011-179

LOCATION

الجيزة, Al Giza , Surt, Libya

A pregnant woman was allegedly killed by a NATO airstrike on Sirte. Noura Al Din Al Nasser Al Zinki said: “Zohor Fawzi Fadel, 28, was killed while pregnant, 9/23/2011 as a result of the bombing of the family’s home in the Giza Al Askariya District.” NATO on that day reported hitting: “1 Ammunition Storage Facility,

Summary

First published
September 23, 2011
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Declared strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1
(1 woman)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Known belligerent
NATO forces
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

October 28, 2013

Incident Code

USSOM028

LOCATION

Dhaytubako, Middle Juba, Somalia

At least two people, both reportedly al-Shabaab affiliated, were killed in a US drone strike on a vehicle in Jilib, Middle Juba region, international media reported. As of now, there are no reports about civilian harm. Senior al Shabaab commander Ibrahim Ali Abdi (aka Anta Anta) was killed in the attack, according to Abu Mohamed,

Summary

First published
October 28, 2013
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Declared strike
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
No
Civilians reported killed
0
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Known belligerent
US Forces
Known target
Al-Shabaab
Belligerents reported killed
2
View Incident

Incident date

January 22, 2021

Incident Code

TS463

LOCATION

Memitê, Aleppo, Syria

A number of civilians were injured as a result of alleged Turkish drone attack on a house in Memitê neighborhood in Kobanê on January 22nd, 2021, according to local sources. One of the wounded is a 37 year old man who was injured with shrapnel and moved to hospital. His situation later was described as

Summary

First published
January 22, 2021
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Likely strike
Strike type
Airstrike, Drone Strike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
Unknown
Civilians reported injured
1–2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
Suspected target
Unknown
View Incident

Incident date

January 13, 2018

Incident Code

TS094

LOCATION

عفرين, Afrin, Aleppo, Syria

Two civilians were injured in an alleged Turkish artillery raid on Afrin. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that an alleged Turkish shelling on Afrin “injured two citizens. One of them is a child. Additionally, a fighter of YPG was killed in the shelling.” There are no reports of civilian casualties. RT and Bas

Summary

First published
January 13, 2018
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
0
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Turkish Military
View Incident