Russian Military in Syria

A Russian combat aircraft at Khmeimim airbase in Syria being prepared for action. (Russian Ministry of Defence)

Belligerent
Russian Military
Country
Syria
start date
end date
Civilian Harm Status
Belligerent Assessment
Declassified Documents
Infrastructure

Incident date

February 20, 2018

Incident Code

RS3043

LOCATION

النشابية, Al Nashabiya, Damascus, Syria

Four civilians, including one girl, were killed along with several wounded as al Nashabiya, eastern Ghouta, Damascus, was subject to aerial and artillery shelling, local media reported, though it was unclear whether Russia or the Syrian regime was to blame. Like many parts of eastern Ghouta, aerial and artillery shelling intensified in Al Nashabiya in this

Summary

First published
February 20, 2018
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4
(1 child)
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

November 17, 2017

Incident Code

RS2738

LOCATION

عربين, Arbeen, Damascus, Syria

Between three and four civilians were killed, and as many as 11 were wounded in air and artillery strikes on the popular market and residential homes in Arbeen. Sources blamaed both Russia and the Syrian regime for the raids. According to local sources, there were between seven and 13 raids on the vicinity which caused

Summary

First published
November 17, 2017
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3 – 4
(1 child1 woman4 men)
Civilians reported injured
11
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
4 named
View Incident

Incident date

March 7, 2018

Incident Code

RS3199

LOCATION

عربين, Arbeen, Damascus, Syria

Four named civilian civilians were killed in airstrikes on residential neighbourhoods in Arbeen, local media reported. Sources blamed both Russia and the Syrian regime for the raids. According to @Dmcpress_ar, “warplanes with rockets carrying cluster bombs struck the residential neighbourhood in the city of Arbeen”. The Violations Documentation Centre, who blamed “Syrian government and affiliated

Summary

First published
March 7, 2018
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4
(3 men)
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
4 named
View Incident

Incident date

September 20, 2016

Incident Code

RS1290

LOCATION

تلبيسة, Talbisah, Homs, Syria

Between one and four civilians were killed and two to 25 injured in air or artillery strikes on the city of Talbissa outside Homs, local sources reported. The lowest death count was given by @syriapost1 as one civilian – but with 10 more wounded. Among the dead were at least one child, woman, and young man,

Summary

First published
September 20, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1 – 4
(1–2 children1 woman1 man)
Civilians reported injured
2–25
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

September 26, 2016

Incident Code

RS1354

LOCATION

الهلّك, al Halak, Aleppo, Syria

Between three and four civilians were reported killed in Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes on the Al Halak neighbourhood of Aleppo. While most sources claimed that the strikes were conducted by the Syrian regime, a number of outlets reported the strikes were Russian. Syriamubasher wrote: “A woman and two men died as a result of

Summary

First published
September 26, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3 – 4
(1 woman2 men)
Civilians reported injured
12–24
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

October 13, 2016

Incident Code

RS1452

LOCATION

الصاخور, Al Sakhour (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Three or four civilians including a woman and a child died and up to seven more were injured in an alleged Russian or regime air or artillery strike on Aleppo’s Al Sakhour neighbourhood, according to local media. Syrian Press Centre and Syrian Observatory for Human Rights both reported that “Russian warplanes targeted the medical centre in

Summary

First published
October 13, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3 – 4
(1 child1 woman)
Civilians reported injured
2–7
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

June 20, 2017

Incident Code

RS2294

LOCATION

جبل ركبة المرزوق, Rakbat Al Marzouk Mountain, Homs, Syria

The Smart News Agency reported that four civilians were killed – including a woman and a child – and seven others were injured, following an airstrike on Rakbat Al Marzouk Mountain. Smart News reported on this incident twice, and blamed Russia in both instances. It added that the vicinity was under the control of ISIS.

Summary

First published
June 20, 2017
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4
(1 child1 woman)
Civilians reported injured
7
Airwars civilian harm grading
Weak
Single source claim, though sometimes featuring significant information.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
View Incident

Incident date

September 24, 2017

Incident Code

RS2502

LOCATION

سلمية, Salamiya, Hama, Syria

At least four civilians, including a woman and her three children, were killed and others, including two children, were wounded in airstrikes against the neighbourhoods of Salamiya east of Hama in central Syria, according to local sources. Many sources, such as Smart News Agency, did not identify who was responsible for carrying out the airstrikes.

Summary

First published
September 24, 2017
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4
(3 children1 woman)
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Unknown, ISIS
View Incident

Incident date

October 9, 2015

Incident Code

RS033

LOCATION

كفرنبودة, Kafr Nbouda, Hama, Syria

A combined air assault by Russian attack helicopters – coupled with an attack by Syrian regime aircraft and ground forces – reportedly killed four civilians at Kafr Nbouda. They were later named by the Violations Documentation Center.

Summary

First published
October 9, 2015
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4
(2 women2 men)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
4 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

May 6, 2019

Incident Code

RS3671

LOCATION

كفرزيتا, Kafar Zeita, Hama, Syria

Local sources reported that alleged Russian or Syrian regime airstrikes struck northern Kafar Zeita in the night of May 6th to May 7th, 2019. Four civilians were reported killed, including two women and two children of the same family. A man and three children were reported wounded. SyriaTV wrote that “the city of Kafar Zeita

Summary

First published
May 6, 2019
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Infrastructure
Healthcare
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4
(2 children2 women)
Civilians reported injured
4
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Suspected target
Unknown
Named victims
4 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

April 8, 2018

Incident Code

RS3398

LOCATION

دوما, Douma, Damascus, Syria

At least four civilians, including a woman and child, died during “intensive shelling” of the city of Douma, allegedly carried out by Syrian and Russian forces, local sources reported. More than 30 air strikes fell throughout the morning, according to the Euphrates Post, leaving dozens more injured. Gheith Bashar al Kelles, aged 13, was among

Summary

First published
April 8, 2018
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1 – 4
(1 child1 woman)
Civilians reported injured
12–24
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Syrian Regime, Russian Military
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

November 26, 2016

Incident Code

RS1694

LOCATION

مساكن هنانو , Masaken Hanano residences neighbourhood, Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

At least four civilians were killed and nine others were wounded in air or artillery strikes on the Masaken Hanano residences neighbourhood in Aleppo. Local sources gave conflicting reports of who was responsible for the airstrikes against Masaken Hanano. Both Halab News and @ShahbaPress identified Russian planes as being responsible for the airstrikes. However, according to

Summary

First published
November 26, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4
Civilians reported injured
2–9
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

January 11, 2017

Incident Code

RS1820 CS439a

LOCATION

تفتناز, Taftanaz, Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

Up to four civilians were killed in alleged Russian, Syrian regime, and or US led Coalition airstrikes on Taftanaz. Sources are conflicted as to who was to blame. Most sources blame Russia and the Syrian regime, however there were also two allegations against the Coalition.  As many as four civilians were also wounded – according to

Summary

First published
January 11, 2017
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
0 – 4
(0–3 men)
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, US-led Coalition, Syrian Regime
Named victims
2 named
View Incident

Incident date

February 23, 2017

Incident Code

RS1920

LOCATION

جسر الشغور, Jisir Al-Shoghour, Idlib, Syria

As many as four civilians were killed – and seven others were wounded – in an airstrike which struck residential homes and Walid Shaaban School in Jisir Al-Shoghour, according to local media. Sources were conflicted as to who was to blame with some blaming Russia and the others pointing to the Syrian regime. According to multiple

Summary

First published
February 23, 2017
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Infrastructure
Education
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1 – 4
Civilians reported injured
2–7
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

March 4, 2017

Incident Code

RS1942

LOCATION

بشنطرة, Bshanetra, Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

Four civilians, including two children, were killed and up to seven wounded, reported local sources after the village of Bashnatra, Aleppo, was hit by either Russian or Assad-waged air and/or artillery strikes. According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, “the deaths of four people – including two children – was confirmed. The victims were killed in

Summary

First published
March 4, 2017
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4
(2 children)
Civilians reported injured
2–7
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
2 named
View Incident

Incident date

November 20, 2015

Incident Code

RS172

LOCATION

الناجية, Najieh, Idlib, Syria

Up to four children were reported killed in an alleged Russian airstrike on Najieh, according to the Violations Documentation Center. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said two children died. the Violations Documentation Center (VDC) named two children victims of the strike and another two as unidentified.

Summary

First published
November 20, 2015
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2 – 4
(2–4 children)
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Unknown
Named victims
2 named
View Incident

Incident date

April 3, 2018

Incident Code

RS3388

LOCATION

كورين, Koreen, Idlib, Syria

At least three civilians, including a child, died in the town of Koreen as a result of reported airstrikes by Russian and Syrian forces on April 3rd, 2018 according to local sources. Smart News said four members of the same family were killed while two others were injured. “Four civilians from one family were killed

Summary

First published
April 3, 2018
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3 – 4
(1 child)
Civilians reported injured
2
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

January 16, 2016

Incident Code

RS398

LOCATION

معرسة الخان, Ma’arasta al Khan, Aleppo, Syria

Four civilians were killed in alleged Russian airstrikes on Ma’arasta al Khan, according to the Shaam News Network. SNN said that 10 civilians were killed in airstrikes on the cities and towns of the northern countryside of Aleppo since Saturday morning: four in Ma’arsta al-Khan, two in Hayyan, two in Tal Rifaat and two in Tamoura, in addition to dozens wounded. The Syrian Observatory for

Summary

First published
January 16, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident

Incident date

March 7, 2018

Incident Code

RS3192

LOCATION

الغسانية, Al Ghassaniya, Idlib, Syria

Up to four civilians were killed, and dozens more were injured in up to three airstrikes and/ or artillery strikes on Al Ghassaniya, local media reported. Sources attributed the blame to both Russia and the Syrian regime. Three raids directly struck the town, with media reporting that both Russian RPG’s and explosive barrel bombs were

Summary

First published
March 7, 2018
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike and/or Artillery
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1 – 4
(1 man)
Civilians reported injured
2–24
Cause of injury / death
Heavy weapons and explosive munitions
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

September 30, 2016

Incident Code

RS1376 CS320

LOCATION

الشحيل, Al Shaheel, Deir Ezzor, Syria

Two or three children and an elderly woman died in an airstrike on a primary school at al Shaheel, according to local media – though reports were conflicted as to whether this was the work of the Syrian regime, Russia or the US-led Coalition. Deir Ezzor 24, the Syrian Observatory and Euphrates Post reported only

Summary

First published
September 30, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Infrastructure
Education
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3 – 4
(2–3 children1 woman)
Civilians reported injured
4
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, US-led Coalition, Syrian Regime
Named victims
3 named
View Incident

Incident date

October 5, 2017

Incident Code

RS2597

LOCATION

بقرص فوقاني, Baqras Fuqani, Deir Ezzor, Syria

Local sources reported the death of four people in the village of Baqras Fuqani, Deir Ezzor on October 5th 2017 – some killed by airstrikes, carried out by either Russia or the Syrian regime, and others seemingly from wounds they sustained in previous days’ airstrikes. Sana News reported that “intensive strikes” were carried out by the

Summary

First published
October 5, 2017
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1 – 4
(1 man)
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
4 named
View Incident

Incident date

October 20, 2017

Incident Code

RS2650

LOCATION

الشحيل, Al-Shaheel, Deir Ezzor, Syria

Four civilians including two children died following air and artillery strikes on Al-Shaheel, according to local media. Most sources blamed Russian warplanes for the strikes which “targeted residential homes”, however some did not attribute blame. Three of the civilians who died were a mother and her two children. An elderly man was also later reported

Summary

First published
October 20, 2017
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3 – 4
(2 children1 woman1 man)
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
Named victims
4 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

November 5, 2017

Incident Code

RS2680

LOCATION

عشاير, Ashayer, Deir Ezzor, Syria

As many as four civilians were killed – including a man, his wife and daughter – in alleged Russian or Syrian regime raid strikes on Ashayer, according to local media. Some media reported that “warplanes” fired missiles – therefore not attributing blame to a belligerent. Syrian Network for Human Rights – who blamed the Syrian

Summary

First published
November 5, 2017
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3 – 4
(1–2 children1 woman1 man)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

December 15, 2015

Incident Code

RS281

LOCATION

الفردوس, Al Fardous (Aleppo), Aleppo, Syria

Four civilians including two children were killed in airstrikes on the Fardous neighbourhood, Aleppo, according to multiple sources – though it is unclear whether regime or Russian warplanes were responsible for the attacks. The Shaam News Network reported that three non-combatants were killed in Russian airstrikes. But the White Helmets suggested that the Assad regime may have

Summary

First published
December 15, 2015
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
4
(2 children)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
1 named
View Incident

Incident date

January 21, 2018

Incident Code

RS2932

LOCATION

خان شيخون, Khan Sheikhoun, Idlib, Syria

Between two and four civilians were killed, and others were wounded, in airstrikes which hit a residential neighbourhood in Khan Sheikhoun, according to local media. Sources all either lamed Russian warplanes for the strikes, or did not attribute blame. Two raids which struck the vicinity, caused much material damage, reported local sources. The Civil Defence

Summary

First published
January 21, 2018
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2 – 4
(1 child3 men)
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
Named victims
4 named
View Incident

Incident date

January 29, 2016

Incident Code

RS505

LOCATION

الموظفين, Al Mouwathafeen (Deir ez-Zor), Deir Ezzor, Syria

Three or four non-combatants died in an alleged Russian airstrike on Al Mouwathafeen village, according to the Syrian Network for Human Rights and others. However Al Khabar TV reported that “three children from the Maslawi family, including two brothers, were killed by a mortar targeted the Al Mouwathafeen neighborhood.” Deir News Network also said the deaths

Summary

First published
January 29, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3 – 4
(3 children)
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
3 named, 1 familiy identified
View Incident

Incident date

June 21, 2019

Incident Code

RS3836

LOCATION

الفوج 46, Regiment 46, Aleppo, Syria

Two civilians were reported killed in Regiment 46, Aleppo, on June 21st. Baladi network said “Two martyred in an initial toll, and a number of wounded, due to bombing on the Regiment 46 in the western countryside of Aleppo, Syria.” @so_ria98 alleged the death of four civilians “and a number of wounded, including children” in

Summary

First published
June 21, 2019
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike status
Contested strike
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Suspected target
Unknown
View Incident

Incident date

February 29, 2016

Incident Code

RS697

LOCATION

الحميدية, Hamidiya (Deir ez-Zor), Deir Ezzor, Syria

Three or four civilians were killed in alleged Russian airstrikes on Hamidiya, according to local sources. Deir Ezzor is Being Slaughtered Silently said two homes were destroyed killing 2 adult males.The victims were also named by the Violations Documentation Centre. According to Alarabay, tens of other civilians were also injured. All4Syria reported that Russia had

Summary

First published
February 29, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
3 – 4
Civilians reported injured
10
Airwars civilian harm grading
Fair
Reported by two or more credible sources, with likely or confirmed near actions by a belligerent.
Suspected belligerent
Russian Military
Named victims
3 named
View Incident

Incident date

March 3, 2018

Incident Code

RS3150

LOCATION

حرستا, Harasta, Damascus, Syria

Two to four civilians were killed and several others were wounded in air and artillery strikes on Harasta, according to local media. Sources blamed both Russian and Syrian regime warplanes for the raids. Mohamad Al Shaar, who named the civilians, reported that Ibrahim Far’oun (Al Harb), aged 18, was Al Mujahed (fighter). This suggests he

Summary

First published
March 3, 2018
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Strike type
Airstrike
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
2 – 4
(1–2 men)
Civilians reported injured
2
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
Named victims
4 named
View Incident

Incident date

June 29, 2016

Incident Code

RS955

LOCATION

سراقب, Saraqib, Idlib, Syria

Up to four civilians including a child died and as many as five more were wounded in airstrikes on the outskirts of Saqabib, according to local sources – though reports were conflicted as to whether Russia or the Syrian regime were to blame. LCCSY, Syria News Desk, Qasioun and al-AMAWI blamed Russia.   Regarding the

Summary

First published
June 29, 2016
Last updated
December 15, 2024
Civilian harm reported
Yes
Civilians reported killed
1 – 4
(1 child)
Civilians reported injured
2–5
Airwars civilian harm grading
Contested
Competing claims of responsibility e.g. multiple belligerents, or casualties also attributed to ground forces.
Suspected belligerents
Russian Military, Syrian Regime
View Incident